Traditional Anglican
Church of America (TACA) is an independent ecclesiastical district within the
Continuing Anglican church. Its Primate, Abp. Rick Aaron
Reid, sits in Newton, North Carolina.[1][2][3][4][5] Until January 2023, it
was a diocese within the Independent Anglican Church, 1934 Canada Synod
(IACCS/1934).[6]
TACA has a six-member
House of Bishops, with three interior United States dioceses: The Chancery, which sits as the diocesan chapter of the East
(Newton, North Carolina); and the other three diocesan chapters---of the Northeast (Perkasie, Pennsylvania/
Waverly, New York); of the West (Klamath Falls, Oregon); and, the Good-Shepherd Missionary Diocese
(Logan, Georgia).[7][8][9]
Its formularies include the 1928 Book of Common Prayer
and the 1940 Hymnal of the Protestant Episcopal Church in the United States of
America, and it professes both the Thirty-Nine Articles of Religion and the
Saint Louis Affirmation.[10][11][12] Its American-Southwest grass-roots
beginnings in 1973, and its tenure within the IACCS/1934, may characterize TACA
as a forerunner to the greater Continuing Anglican Movement.[13][14]
TACA started as an
informal assembly of conservative Episcopalians in San Antonio, Texas, in
1966.[15][16] At first, an ad hoc mustering called together by Fr. Howard Edwin
Caudill, a priest within the Anglican Catholic Church (ACA), a romp fellowship
grew within the ACA’s Diocese of the Southwest (DSW).[17][18]
In concern over
the issuance of four successive “trial-use liturgies” within the Episcopal
Church of the United States, increasingly focused assemblages were convoked
during the ensuing decades by another priest from the Anglican Episcopal Church
in Ventura, California, Rev. Melvin Pickering.[19][20][21]
Eventually Pickering
would construct a formal district in Las Cruces, New Mexico, as other southwest
American traditionalists joined him at St. Mary’s Anglican Church at 140 West
Taylor Street for worship and traditionalist education.[22][23][24][25]
Vexation had, by this point, progressively arisen against several burgeoning modernist
occurrences, which the convocation held were not liturgical: the opening of ordination
to women by the U.S. Episcopal General Convention in 1976; the approved
revision of the Book of Common Prayer of 1979; and the intention to adopt the
“inclusion” aims set forth in the Alternative Service Book of 1980.[26][27][28]
By the 1980s, Caudill had
joined Pickering, along with the rest of the Diocese of the Southwest, when the
ACA merged into the American Episcopal Church (AEC), into which Caudill was
consecrated a Bishop in 1983 by Bp. Robert Condit Harvey.[29] Several months
earlier, in 1982, Pickering had been consecrated by Bp. Francis H.
Benning.[30][31][32] Convalidating DSW as an AEC diocese, Caudill and his wife
(née Padbury) had a three-bedroom house built, at 9022 Wellesley Manor Drive,
in San Antonio, in 1984, which would serve as the Southwest vestry, but
consequently, in 1988, withdrew 20 parishes from the AEC over hostile attempts
that Caudill alleged had been undertaken by suffragan Bp. Anthony Forbes Morton
Clavier, to interfere with affairs of the DSW.[33][34][35] Listing, as property
owner, the “Anglican Church in the United States Traditional Episcopal,”
Caudill also bought a de-sanctified Protestant church at 11919 Orsinger Lane,
that he named St. Chad’s Church.[36][37][38] In the sanctuary and vestry, Caudill
held Prayer and Eucharistic services and organized an adjunct seminary, which
he titled St. George’s Seminary.[39][40] One of his and Pickering’s students
was Robert William Baker, a postulant at the Episcopal Theological Seminary of
the Southwest in Austin, Texas.[41] Baker would be listed as “Director” of the
archdiocese in a non-profit licensure just as his rectorship of his own diocese
began, in his native Oregon.[42][43]
A growing apostolate, DSW
was renamed the Anglican Diocese of the Good Shepherd (ADGS), and expanded to
Hill Anglican Cathedral at Las Cruces, New Mexico, with Bp. Pickering
realigning the jurisdiction there upon the death of Bp. Caudill in
1998.[44][45][46] The diocese was attracting conservative Christians, who had,
by 1989, opposed the first incardination of a woman, by the Anglican Communion,
Barbara Harris, as suffragan Bishop of the United States Episcopal Diocese of
Massachusetts.[47][48] Moreover, the offering of ordination to self-professed
practicing homosexuals by the Communion, in 2003, had impelled new
traditionalist Anglicans to seek out independent conservative churches, such as
ADGS, whose religious teachings would offer orthodox catechesis.[49][50][51] To
this end, Mavis Anne Caudill, the co-founding Bishop’s wife, for years would
teach Sunday school and adult religious education at St. Chad’s, which also
offered a free orthodox seminary.[52][53][54][55] Diverse religious polemics
within the Anglican Communion, included arguments as to whether the State was
paradoxically manipulating churches by permitting the clergy to retain solely
heterosexual marriage licensure.[56][57] Baker, who was now co-consecrated as a
traditionalist Anglican Bishop by Pickering and Caudill, had by 1991 moved
northward, to his hometown of Klamath Falls, Oregon, at first reserving public
rooms at the Shasta Grange Hall community center for prayer services, until he
became pastor at St. Mark’s Traditional Episcopal Church in
1992.[58][59][60][61][62]
In 2001, Pickering
appointed his diocese to be the suffragan jurisdiction for the Anglican Church
International Communion (ACIC) and dissolved the seminary, focusing on ethics
advocacy within the greater Continuing Anglican Movement.[63][64][65][66][67][68]
Presiding over a yearly traditionalist conference of 15 bishops at St. Chad’s,
Pickering issued the ACIC’s statement that the election of openly gay priest
Gene Robinson to the U.S. Episcopal Church in 2003, as the Bishop of New
Hampshire, was a heretical elevation, and “by this action they have renounced
Biblical teachings,” amid widening unrest within the Anglican
Communion.[69][70][71][72] Pickering, in semi-retirement, had given his nod to
the elevation of Bp. Baker as Senior Bishop, at a Synod at St. Chad’s in 2002,
during which ADGS was renamed, “Anglican Convocation of the Good Shepherd”
(ACGS).[73][74] Pickering, in 2009, acting as emeritus of ADGS, also enlarged
St. Mary’s church’s occupant capacity.[75]
A decade later, in 2013,
upon the archepiscopal adoption of ACGS into the IACCS/1934 historical synod,
Bp. Baker became Archbishop of the newly named “Traditional Anglican Church of
America.”[76][77][78] Chartered within an archbishopric that had been sired by
the 1934 Synod of Canada—a writ of ecclesiastical independence that had
occurred 44 years prior to the St. Louis Affirmation—the ACGS was now operating
in parallel with the Anglican Continuum, but within a much older traditional
context than the 1978 greater Anglican “continuation” had been
[79][80][81][82][83][84]
TACA was now a sui iuris
episcopate, a constituent autonomous diocese within an archprimacy, whose
vintage1934 Synod had theologically anteceded the St. Louis Congress.[85][86]
Abp. Pickering passed away in 2017.[87]
An outrider to the
original “Tripartite Synod” (the organizational aim that was promulgated by the
1978 St. Louis Affirmation), TACA, an ecclesiastical polity, existing in its
own right, sidestepped all the later identity crises, or any interior aggression,
that had gripped the greater Anglican Continuum throughout ensuing
decades.[88][89][90][91] While the Anglican Catholic Church suffered bitter
coups, and new parishes within the nascent Anglican Church of North America
permitted female ordination starting in 2009 (even though it had originally
formed as an orthodox reaction against the consecration by the U.S. Episcopal
Church of the active openly homosexual Bp. Robinson), TACA carefully organized
its hierarchy with comparatively austere Low Church adherence.[92][93][94][95][96]
After his 2010
consecration of the new pro-Cathedral of St. George the Martyr, in Niagara
Falls, New York, Archbishop Peter W. Goodrich, expanded the IACCS/1934,
archdiocese from Hamilton, Ontario, Canada into the United States, and he
adopted five new traditionalist Anglican sub-jurisdictions, whereupon he became
Archprimate.[97][98][99] Goodrich also opened St. Matthew’s Cathedral College,
making combined use of the 1,900 square foot St. George’s Church and the
adjoining rectory, both built in 1927, and which he purchased in 2010 for
$75,000, from the Roman Catholic Diocese of Buffalo, New York.[100] [101][102]
Abp. Baker was thereby elevated to Primate and became the presiding archbishop
of TACA, now an independent jurisdiction within an expanded North American
See.[103][104]
With the 2013 election of
Bp. Dr. Dwight David Irons of Georgia as Diocesan Chancellor, the district’s
integration of the 1940 U.S. Episcopal Hymnal into daily service now advanced
hymnary into liturgical practice, under Irons’s musical oversight.[105][106][107]
Abp. Baker’s appointment of Bp. Louis Chopin Cusachs, a Sorbonne Theoretical
Physics scholar, to oversee Louisiana, rounded out TACA’s Diocese of the Good
Shepherd Southeast.[108][109]
In 2014, upon the emeritus
repositioning of Abp. Baker, the Primacy passed to Abp. Irons. Sitting in the
Las Cruces church as the pro-Cathedral, Irons was assisted by Canon Rick Aaron
Reid, former Right Reverend of the Orthodox Anglican Church, a decorated Gulf
War veteran.[110][111] The diocese was advised by Bp. Charles Klughart, the
longtime archbishop of Unity Catholic Church in Springfield, Illinois, who
became Suffragan in 2018.[112]
Appointments during the
next three years would distinguish the greater episcopacy as comprising a de
facto Anglican-patriarchate, with the Southeast pulling into ecclesial
predominance.[113] After his elevation as Archbishop on May 1, 2020, Reid
appointed Latin/Greek scholar Rt. Rev. Kenneth Walsh as Chancellor. Presiding
from the Primate chancery in Newton, North Carolina, Reid would call forward
Rev. Paul K. Leeman to be the Diocesan Bishop of the Southwest on June 1 of the
same year.[114] On the same day, Reid named, as the co-Suffragan of the
Southwest, the Right Rev. David C. Fleming, whom Reid also dubbed as the new
Rector of St. Mark’s.[115]
With Fleming, who had long
been the founding president of a freight transporting company, and with Reid—a
decorated First Sergeant in the North Carolina National Guard and Field Manager
in the North Carolina Department of Agriculture—the patriarchy of TACA became a
customized permanent bi-vocational clergy. Included among these deeply
religious Christian leaders, Cusachs was a renowned PhD. chemist and author.
Bp. Yasuto Nozawa, an Electrical Engineer, was a founding member of St.
George’s Seminary and is a Latin scholar. [116][117][118][119][120][121] Abp.
Pickering was a commissioned Army Major and professional educator, who had
served in both the Korean and Vietnam wars.[122]
By 2015, Klamath Falls
Chancery operations were managed by then-Rev. Leeman at St. Mark’s.[123]
Leeman, who himself was a heavy equipment and excavation company founder, was
also the founder of the former St. Paul’s Anglican Church in Montague,
California.[124][125] Assisted by Coadjutor Ebenezer Manuagwu of Nigeria,
Leeman added oversight from Klamath Falls over the Southwest, issuing a new
vestry membership and amending the Articles of the Church; he was consecrated
Bishop by Abp. Reid at St. Andrew’s Church in Newton, North Carolina, in June,
2020.[126][127][128] Initiated during the 2016 Episcopal Synod at St. Mary’s
Church at Hill Anglican Cathedral in Las Cruces, New Mexico, the Southwest now
comprised the combined bishoprics of Abp. Jorge Martinez of Mexico, Bp. Don
Nozawa of Missouri, and Bp. Leeman.[129][130]
While some contemporary
Continuing Anglican churches were splintering, TACA was experiencing sudden
episcopal attrition not long after Abp. Pickering, the founder, died in
2017.[131][132][133] Upon the momentous deaths, in 2020, of three of its
Bishops—Baker, Irons, and Cusachs—the voting in of Bp. Reid as Primate sparked
a necessary consolidation of the entire jurisdiction.[134][135][136] The new
Archbishop, Reid, had been the four-year Canon and Suffragan for TACA, and had
been co-consecrated as Bishop at St. Mary’s at Hill Anglican in Las Cruces, New
Mexico (by Abp. Baker, Abp. Irons, Abp. Jorge Martinez Zendejas, Bp. Cusachs,
and Bp. Walsh) in April 2015.[137][138] Reid, meanwhile, had been holding
services at Calvary Baptist Church in Newton, NC, operating there as St.
Andrew’s Anglican Church.[139][140][141][142] It was in this space, which he
now commissioned as the Primary Chancery in 2021, upon his election as Primate,
during a vote by the House of Bishops, that Right Rev. Francis Fontenot was also
named by Abp. Reid to be Bishop for Louisiana; Abp. Cusachs had recently
retired and moved to Charlotte, NC.[143]
At the time of this
writing, in September 2023, Traditional Anglican Church of America is an
autocephalous See and a theological constituent of the Independent Anglican
Church, Canada Synod 1934.[144] One continuous sui iuris Anglican Diocese, it
is comprised internally of two dioceses, the East and the West.[145][146][147]
The East houses the Office of the Primate, Abp. Reid, at St. Andrews Anglican
Church in Newton, North Carolina.[148][149] The West houses the Diocesan
Bishop, Paul K. Leeman, occupying the western church, St. Mark’s Church, in
Klamath Falls, Oregon.[150][151][152][153]
The House of Bishops
consists of Reid, Klughart, Walsh, and Fontenot, in the East; and Leeman,
Fleming, Nozawa, Martinez, and Right Rev. Ashley Edward Beckham of Texas, in
the West.[154][155]
The Coadjutor of TACA is
Fontenot. Suffragan episcopal duties belong to Klughart in the East, and to
Fleming in the West. Walsh is the Chancellor of TACA.[156][157][158]
Three parishes compose the
diocesan infrastructure: St. Andrew’s; St. Mark’s; and the new (as of 2021) St.
Patrick’s Anglican Church in Perkasie, Pennsylvania. Rev. Gary Mullica assists
at St. Mark’s. Fr. Michael DellaVecchia is the Rector of St. Patrick’s and is
the TACA Training Director.[159]. Bp. David Fleming is the Rector of Saint
Mark’s
Virginia Reid, wife of
Abp. Reid, and Lisa DellaVecchia, wife of Fr. Michael DellaVecchia, are
appointed Deaconesses. Donna Baker, widow of the Primate co-founder Robert,
stands as advisor to the Primate.[160][161]
The Metropolitan for the
Independent Mexican Episcopal Church, in externam unitatis in Tlalpan,
Mexico City, is Abp. Jorge B. Martínez Zendejas.[162][163][164]
As of July 2023, the
permanent provision for Communion with other Traditionalist Anglican churches
defines TACA’s witness of ongoing shared theological and Eucharistic
fellowship. Thus, Communion has been enjoyed with such dioceses as the Reformed
Anglican Church, whose pro-Cathedral is in Saint Augustine, Florida. (Although
no longer in Communion with TACA, this past Communion is mentioned herein for
illustrative purposes.) Moreover, the Emmanuel Communion, whose pro-Cathedral
is in Indiantown, Florida, has current Communion with TACA. Additionally,
Communion with TACA is also shared with the Traditional Anglican Church of
Ecuador, whose Cathedral is in Santo Domingo, Ecuador.
Reflecting the principle
of “custom and subsidiarity,” whereof material ownership or governance over
congregations and missions by a superior prelature of the TACA Archdiocese is
permanently nullified, religious bodies of TACA run themselves. A legal fiscal
corporation is thus replaced by the convention of each member church owning and
self-governing its own property according to its interior Customary. Thus,
arch-governance by TACA has been defined by the Constitution and Canons as
embodying Archbishopric rule of a broad-based and spiritual nature, according
to the traditional Anglican formularies and exemplifying a Christian life of
orthodoxy.
Moreover, a future
“Communion Synod” which would mediate religious uniformity shared between TACA
member bodies and other Traditionalist Anglican jurisdictions, would therefore
also be a broad-based fellowship for which, as of September 2023, there remains
a permanent provision.
As of January 2023, TACA
ceased its Communion and theological subsidiarity with the Independent Anglican
Church of Canada 1934 Synod.
As of June 2024, Rev. Canon
Mike DellaVecchia was elevated as Bishop of the Northeast Diocese.
As of June 2025, Rev. Drew Darnell
was elevated as Missioner Bishop.
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performed by her.’”]
[49] [Pursuant to Article II,
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sacraments (albeit one of the “lesser” sacraments, like confirmation or
ordination). As we have seen, however, the Church (at least the Christian
Church) came to the “marrying business” somewhat late, that is in the Middle
Ages, as a sacrament to be entered into by all church members seeking such a
social arrangement. Before that time, marriage was strictly a civil matter.
Still, in the minds of most Americans marriage is something that is done in
churches and other places of worship. And so, if the government is going to
prescribe who can and cannot be married, it would seem that the State is
interfering with the internal workings of religious groups, prohibited under
the establishment and free exercise clause in the First Amendment.” (Pg. 140)]
[“The marriage issue has become so confused in this country because, for a very
long time now, the State has automatically deputized ordained clergy to act as
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assent to the basic doctrines of this biblical and credal faith which they were
ordained to uphold and teach, be encouraged as a matter of conscience to resign
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ADDITIONS:
Revoked corporation information for Archdiocese of the Good Shepherd,
for reference purposes:
https://opencorporates.com/companies/us_or/97213392
https://opencorporates.com/companies/us_nm/2275246